The NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory is using cutting-edge augmented and virtual reality technology to explore space and our own planet in innovative ways. JPL’s scientists and engineers plan activities for the Mars Curiosity rover and analyze Martian geology while walking on a 3D reconstruction of the Martian surface. Engineers designing rovers and spacecraft can preview full-scale holographic prototypes before any parts are built. Astronauts aboard the International Space Station can use AR interfaces to receive virtual assistance from experts on the ground and work more efficiently. These are only some of the projects in AR and VR that are going on right now at JPL. This talk will present recent projects that leverage immersive technology to tackle unique visualization challenges, and discuss research that shows the beneficial effects of using AR and VR to accomplish these tasks.